Why one symptom can have five causes
Inside the cabinet, everything is connected. The control board tells the pump to run, the pump pushes water through the heater, a pressure switch or flow sensor confirms water is moving, and a temperature probe reports back. If any link fails, the board usually shuts things down and displays a code.
That is why a flow error does not always mean a bad pump. A matted filter, a closed valve, or air locked in the lines can starve the sensor just as well. We read the code, then test each link in the chain instead of replacing whatever the code happens to name.
Electrical trips work the same way. A GFCI trips when current leaks to ground, and the leak can come from a damp connector, a cracked heater element, or a pump motor with worn windings. Tracing it takes a meter and some patience.